Systemic Review of Euphorbia Prostata : Pharmacological Insights and Therapeutic Applications
Keywords:
Euphorbia prostrata, hemorrhoids, systematic review, phytotherapy, clinical efficacy, safety profileAbstract
Euphorbia prostrata has emerged as a significant therapeutic option in the management of hemorrhoidal disease, yet a comprehensive understanding of its clinical applications, efficacy, and safety profile has remained fragmented across various studies. This systematic review synthesizes and evaluates the available evidence regarding the pharmacological properties, therapeutic applications, and clinical outcomes of E. prostrata in contemporary medical practice.
We conducted a systematic search across major databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE, following PRISMA guidelines. The review encompassed 93 studies published between 2010 and 2024, including 18 randomized controlled trials, 25 observational studies, and 15 mechanistic studies, collectively involving 15,427 patients.
Analysis of the pharmacological data revealed that E. prostrata exhibits multiple mechanisms of action, primarily through flavonoid-mediated anti-inflammatory pathways, venotonic effects, and antioxidant properties. Clinical trials demonstrated significant efficacy in hemorrhoid management, with response rates ranging from 65% to 85% across different grades of hemorrhoids. The time to symptom resolution showed grade-dependent variation, with median resolution times of 4, 6, and 8 weeks for Grade I, II, and III hemorrhoids, respectively.
Safety analysis indicated a favorable profile, with an overall serious adverse event rate of 1.73%. Most adverse events were mild to moderate and occurred within the first 12 weeks of treatment. The most common serious adverse reactions included allergic responses (0.03%) and gastrointestinal disturbances (0.02%). Standardized preparations showed consistent bioavailability, with peak plasma concentrations achieved within 2-4 hours post-administration.
This systematic review provides robust evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of E. prostrata in hemorrhoidal disease management. The findings indicate that E. prostrata represents a valuable therapeutic option, particularly for Grade I and II hemorrhoids, with a well-documented safety profile. Future research should focus on optimizing treatment protocols for specific patient populations and investigating potential expanded applications in related conditions.
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